Archaeologists in the Czech Republic have uncovered a remarkable Neanderthal hunter-gatherer settlement in Turnov, shedding new light on prehistoric life in the region. The site, located in the Liberec Region, is estimated to date back approximately 126,000 to 115,000 years ago, during the Middle Paleolithic period.
A Unique Discovery in an Open Landscape
This finding is particularly significant due to its location. While previous Neanderthal sites in the area have been discovered in caves or rocky overhangs, this settlement is situated in an open landscape—an unusual feature that sets it apart from other known sites. The discovery was made in Turnov’s Vesecko district at the planned site of a future emergency services center.
Key Features of the Settlement
Archaeologists unearthed several sunken structures, believed to be hearths and possibly remnants of shelters. These features suggest the site may have served as a more permanent base for a group of Neanderthals rather than a temporary stopover.
Among the artifacts found were a jasper scraper and small flint tools, which have helped confirm the site's estimated age. The excavation team, led by archaeologist Roman Sirovátka from the Museum of the Bohemian Paradise, will continue analyzing these samples throughout the year to gain deeper insights into the site's history and function.
A Glimpse into Prehistoric Life
During the Middle Paleolithic, the area surrounding the settlement would have been covered by dense forests, providing ample resources for a hunter-gatherer community. Although the exact purpose of the site remains speculative, the number of artifacts uncovered suggests that it may have housed a group of 15 to 20 individuals in a relatively stable settlement.
While only part of the site has been excavated so far, researchers believe the full extent of the settlement has yet to be determined, opening the door for future discoveries.
Ongoing Research and Future Prospects
Although excavation at the site has concluded, laboratory analysis of the collected samples will continue. These studies aim to provide a clearer understanding of the settlement's age, usage, and its role in Neanderthal society.
This remarkable discovery joins a growing list of significant archaeological finds in the Czech Republic, including a large Bronze Age burial site in Moravia and a 7,000-year-old structure near Prague. Each of these findings contributes valuable knowledge about early human history and the evolution of settlement patterns in Europe.
As researchers continue their analysis, the Turnov site promises to deepen our understanding of Neanderthal life and the prehistoric landscape of Central Europe.
